House prices and the supply and demand curve

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I was listening to a R5L discussion on house prices a couple of nights ago and one of panel kept shouting “supply and demand” to back his prediction that house prices are going to crash. Apparently demand has dried up so much that the only way to get the market moving is a classic drop in prices to the point where demand is once again generated.

This got me wondering whether or not the housing market follows classic supply Vs demand curves and my recent experiences lead me to conclude that they don’t.

A factory or other business owner just looks at the bottom line. If they start to make a loss because sales are falling they just drop the price to a level that stimulates demand, if that level is below cost for too long then there isn’t a business and its time to go off an do something else. Conversely, demand rises and start to outstrip supply so prices can be increased, producing healthier profit margins – and encouraging competition to enter and increase supply, reducing prices again. All classic schoolboy economics which should, in theory, apply to house prices. The problem is that in classic economics pricing and other decisions decision are made dispassionately, or rationally as economists are wont to say, whereas people have a deep emotional attachment to their house and what it is worth and they don’t often have to sell to stay in business. This encourages them to react irrationally when it comes to selling.

We are in a position to see this first hand as we have just exchanged contracts on a place in in Dorset. We went to see it again yesterday and discuss some work and other things with the sellers (he’s a builder and doing some alterations before we move in). When we got home we got a lovely email from them saying how pleased they are that their home is going to such a nice couple (/blush). I’ve heard similar stories from other people and whether or not it would lead to someone pulling out of a sale if the didn’t like the purchases is unlikely, it does show the emotional attachment people have to their homes.

The other example is something I’ve seen from a fellow blogger and which I have just done myself, and that is refuse to drop the price below a certain level. When discussing putting our current house on the market with the estate agent I told him that if we don’t sell by a certain date and with a minimum price we’ll take the house off the market and rent it out. We don’t have a mortgage to pay off so that isn’t a driver. Is this rational? No,  but I have an expectation of value and rents are quite high round here so I would be willing to take a longer view, something our widget manufacturer can’t do.

Yes, I know that if the land around me suddenly received planning permission and scores of similar houses came on the market I would never get my asking price, but that’s not going to happen. Hell will freeze over first, this is hallowed green belt and the NIMBYs round here will be in Parliament Square with [pitchforks and hempen rope should that be proposed.

7 Comments

4 Comments

  1. Paul Lockett  •  Jun 2, 2010 @4:20 pm

    The major reason that classic supply and demand falls down where house prices are concerned is that the supply curve isn’t a curve; housing supply is so price inelastic that it is almost a vertical line, with supply being almost completely unresponsive to changes in price.

    That’s mostly due to the significant determinant of price being the land (including the planning permission), rather than the building. The amount of land is fixed and as the level of planning permission granted for extra housing is not market driven, it frequently doesn’t occur in response to rising prices and if it does, it tends to lag well behind.

    It’s that inelastic supply which makes the housing market so prone to bubbling.

  2. Mark Wadsworth  •  Jun 2, 2010 @7:42 pm

    Paul beat me to it. The demand curve is more like a normal demand curve (albeit quite steep, being price inelastic) and the supply curve is almost vertical.

    Hence the endless bubbles (there was no bubble in car prices or hi-fi prices even though interest rates fell) and the ability to make super-profits with land and housing (i.e. the rent you can get bears little relation to the actual costs of production) and hence why it would be economically harmless to tax those super-profits…
    Mark Wadsworth´s last blog ..Possible military application of bungee ropes My ComLuv Profile

  3. TGS  •  Jun 2, 2010 @8:13 pm

    Thanks for the comments. I should have been a bit more thoughtful before posting. The point I was trying to highlight was the impact of emotions on the housing market which I think still stands and may be exacerbated by the points you make.

  4. AC1  •  Jun 2, 2010 @11:08 pm

    You forget the most important variable in house prices.

    The supply of credit.

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